1 Introduction A. Reasons for Mergers and Acquisitions B. Are Mergers/Acquisitions Profitable? C. Purpose of’ Merger Legislation 2 History of Council Regulation 4064/89 A. History of Merger Control B. Objectives and Welfare Standards of Merger Control C. Origins of the Notion of Dominance 3 Council Regulation (EC) No. 139/2004 A. Three Seminal Cases B. Substantive Reforms to Merger Regulation C. Procedural Reforms D. Jurisdictional Reforms E. The Horizontal Merger Guidelines E. The Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines G. Concluding Remarks 4 Community Jurisdiction 1: Concentration and Control A. Definition of Concentration B. Concept of Control C. Acquisition and Change of Control D. The Concept of Single Concentration E. Joint Ventures F. Ancillary Restraints 5. Community Jurisdiction II: Notification and Review A. The Community Dimension Test B. Turnover C. Exceptions to the Community Dimension Test D. The Merger Control Process E. Parallel Notifications F. Derogation from Notification G. Abandoned Concentrations H. internal Changes after 2004 I. Fines J. Standard of Proof 6 Market Definition A. Aim of Market Definition B. Substitutability and the SSNIP Test C. Quantitative Methods in Merger Analysis D. Critical Loss Analysis E. Approaches to Market Definition 7 Horizontal Mergers—Non-coordinated Effects A. Non-coordinated Effects of Horizontal Mergers B. Horizontal Mergers Leading to Non-coordinated Effects in Oligopolistic Markets 8 Horizontal Mergers—Coordinated Effects A. Background of Collective Dominance and Coordinated Effects 13. Development of Assessment Criteria C. Nestlé/Perrier: ‘The Development of the Criteria D. The Airtours Case E. Sony/BMG—Impala E Coordinated Effects of Mergers in Cartelized industries G. illegality of Future Conducts as a Deterrence of Anticompetitive Effects Arising from a Merger H. Concluding Remarks 9 Non-Horizontal Mergers A. Pro-competitive Nature of Non-Horizontal Mergers B. Initial Era of Non-Horizontal Merger Assessment C. Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines D. Assessment of Vertical Mergers E. Conglomerate Merger Assessment 10 Entry and Potential Competition A. Barriers no Entry B. Potential Competition 11 Buyer Power A. Buyer Power: A Boon and a Menace B. A Boon: Countervailing Buyer Power C. A Menace: Buyer Market Power D. Some Specific Thoughts on Buyer Power E. Market Definition and Buyer Power F. Measures to Assess Buyer Power G. Consequences of Buyer Power H. Assessment of Buyer Power by Competition Authorities L Concluding Remarks 12 Efficiency Assessment A. Types of Efficiencies B. European Commission Approach towards Efficiencies C. European Decision-making Practice D. Examples of Efficiency Assessment E. Seminal Case: Global/GCap F. Seminal Case: European Directories/Gouden Gids G. Concluding Remarks 13 Failing Firm Defence A. Failing firm defence B. The European Union Perspective C. Derogation: Removing the Suspension D. Reflections on Failing Firm Defence E. Concluding Remarks 14 Remedies A. Principles on Remedies B. Remedies and their Taxonomy C Structural Remedies D. Behavioral Remedies E Quasi-structural Remedies E Monitoring Commitments G. A Clear Choice on the Type of Remedies? H. Remedies in Periods of Crises I. Concluding Remarks 15 Judicial Review k. Locus Standi B. Standard Court Procedure C. Appeals in Merger Cases D. Expedited Procedure E. Interim Relief F Consequences of a Successful Appeal
