1. Introduction 2. Compliance policy developments 2.1. Advocacy 2.2. Enforcement practice 2.3. Resource implications 3. Effectiveness of compliance efforts 3.1. Competition law awareness and compliance programmes 3.2. Cartel enforcement statistics 4. Insights from other policy areas – public procurement and anti-corruption 4.1. Public procurement 4.2. Anti-corruption 5. Effective compliance programmes 5.1. Detection and prompt reporting 5.2. Management involvement 5.3. Compliance incentives 5.4. Auditing and monitoring of business processes 5.5. Third-party compliance